“The mission objectives are not met fully. There are indications that the cryogenic engine ignited but the vehicle was tumbling and controllability lost,” ISRO chairman K Radhakrishnan said.

The 49-metre tall three-stage Geo Synchronous Launch Vehicle blasted off at 4.27pm at the end of a 29-hour countdown but minutes later ISRO said it had stopped receiving data.

“We saw the vehicle tumbling uncontrollably and it developed deviation. Two vernier engines would not have ignited,” Radhakrishnan, for whom it was the first mission after taking over as ISRO chief, told mission scientists as gloom descended on the Satish Dhawan Space Centre.

He said details of the flight data would be analysed to find out what went wrong.

Radhakrishnan said performence of the vehicle was normal upto the “burn out” of the second stage.

In the crucial cryogenic stage, indications were that the onboard computer had given signals to burn and the cryogenic engine had ignited. However, “we saw the vehicle tumbling.”

“We neeed to go a long way and do that (launch the mission successfully) within the next year,” Radhakrishnan told the scientists while complimenting them for their “18 years of hard work” to develop the complex cryogenic technology.

Underlining ISRO’s commitment to carry on with cryogenic stage rocket programme, he said the next flight will be carried out within a year.

Advanced communication satellite GSAT 4 undergoes tests at Sriharikota

“It was an event of 18 years working with complex technology. Upto the level of carrying (the vehicle) is a major accomplishment,” he said.

The GSLV flight was to have placed the 2,200 kg advanced communication satellite GSAT-4, into Geo Transfer Orbit.

The GSAT-4 is a state-of-the-art satellite that carries communication and navigation payloads.

ISRO had invested Rs 330 crore for the prestigious mission whose succesful would have placed India in the elite club of space faring powers US, Russia, China, Japan, and Europe which possess the cryogenic technology.

India began developing the cryogenic engine as its answer to technology denial regime as the US not only refused the technology but also put pressure on Russia to backtrack on its commitment to New Delhi.

Earlier GSLV flights were powered by the ready-to-fly cryogenic engines supplied by Russia.

Cryogenic engines, giving additional thrust, help in launching heavier satellites into geo-synchronous transfer orbits (GTO) at an altitude of 36,000 km over the equator.

Cryogenic technology involves the use of rocket propellants at extremely low temperatures. The combination of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen offers the highest energy efficiency for rocket engines that need to produce large amounts of thrust. But oxygen remains a liquid only at temperatures below minus 1830 Celsius and hydrogen at below minus 2530Celsius. Building a rocket stage with an engine that runs on such propellants means overcoming engineering challenges.

The United States was the first country to develop cryogenic rocket engines. The Centaur upper stage, with RL-10 engines, registered its first successful flight in 1963 and is still used on the Atlas V rocket. America’s early mastery of the technology paved the way for the J-2 engine, which powered the upper stages of the immensely powerful Saturn V rocket that sent humans to the Moon.

Other spacefaring nations followed. The Japanese LE-5 engine flew in 1977, the French HM-7 in 1979 and the Chinese YF-73 in 1984. The Soviet Union, first country to put a satellite and later a human in space, successfully launched a rocket with a cryogenic engine only in 1987.

The engine uses liquid hydrogen at -265°Celsius as fuel and liquid oxygen at -240°C as oxidiser and cryogenic development is considered complex as involves very low temperatures of the propellants.

The countries which had mastered the “highest level” of propulsion technology had kept it closely guarded.

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Measuring 6.3 x 9.8 x 0.6 inches, Adam weighs around 770 gms. Adam has two versions, one is 12.9mm and the other is 11.4mm in thickness. Both versions are slimmer than iPad which is 13.4mm in thickness.

While Apple’s iPad measures 9.56 inches in height, 7.47 in width and 0.5 inch in depth. iPad weighs 1.5 lbs (0.68 kg), the 3G version is 0.1 pounds heavier.

Adam boasts of a 10-inch Pixel Qi transflective display, a capacitive touchscreen capable of recognizing six simultaneous points of contact. Pixel Qi’s technology offers two different modes: full colour LCD for indoor use or in a low-power reflective mode that actually gets brighter when more direct sunlight falls upon it.

iPad has a 9.7-inch LCD colour screen. The device uses iPhone’s multi-touch technology, Apple’s Magic Mouse, and the company’s trackpad technology found in some of the company’s laptops.

Adam supports a 3 megapixel swivel auto focus camera. This implies that the device will support video calling.

However, Apple’s iPad lacks camera. Lack of camera being widely seen as a negative in iPad as the device is said to be placed somewhere between a smartphone and laptop.

Adam has HDMI-out and 3 USB ports, and can output video at 1080p resolution.

However, there is no facility for HDMI output in iPad. This means users will not be able to view HD videos on a large TV screen even if they have downloaded the same from iTunes. The Apple device can playback at 720p HD video.

Adam is powered by Nvidia Tegra 2 chip which runs at 1GHz and acts as both a CPU and graphics card in one. It will run on Google’s Android OS.

iPad runs a version of the iPhone’s operating system. The iPad has a 1GHz chip that is custom designed by Apple.

Adam will come in 16GB or 32GB versions. Apple iPad will come in 16, 32 and 64GB versions.

According to Adam creator Notion Ink, the Tablet will support multitasking. This means the device will be able to run several applications in parallel.

However, there is no multitasking option in iPad’s OS. This means for example users can’t listen to FM while they surfing the Web, or switch back and forth between Facebook or Twitter, or write an email while talking on a VOIP call.

Adam offers support for Flash, video standard used for viewing websites. However, iPad doesn’t offer support for Flash.

This means users will encounter those `big, empty video boxes in the middle of a page’ while surfing on the pages which require Adobe Flash. Youtube will be supported just like in iPhone but no Flash games. In iPhone 3GS too when users browse through Web pages with Adobe Flash, it displays empty spaces with missing icons.

Adam packs WiFi, 3G, Bluetooth, a pile of sensors and accelerometers and GPS.

Apple iPad supports both WiFi and Bluetooth connectivity. The WiFi antenna supports 802.11 a/b/g/n. The device also packs GPS.

Apple’s iPad doesn’t offer SD card slot which means users cannot expand their memory. However, Adam which comes in 16 and 32GB storage options offers SD card slot.

According to Notion Ink, Adam will be able to play music for up to 25 days, 16 hours of internet browsing and play high definition video for 8 hours. According to reports, Adam integrates two breakthrough power saving components that promises twice the battery life of Apple iPad.

iPad offers battery life of up to 10 hours. The standby time is approximately a month.

Notion Ink has planned an App competition offering $1,000,000 prize money for the best Adam-compatible app.

Apple’s iPad can use virtually all the over 140,000 apps currently available for the iPhone. However, iPad will let you download applications only from Apple’s AppStore. iPad doesn’t allow users to download any apps other than from the App Store.

The Adam is expected to cost about $325.

iPad’s 16GB version of the basic Wi-Fi model will sell for $499. A 32GB version will cost $599, and a 64GB device will be $699. The 3G models won’t be available until April. Those will range in price from $629 to $829.

Scientists cheered and a loud applause was heard as the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, in its 11th flight, soared into the clear sky in a perfect lift-off around 3.30 pm from this space port, about 100 km north of Chennai.

Besides the 352-kg AGILE, the PSLV is also carrying ISRO’s Advanced Avionics Module, weighing 185 kg, to flight-test advanced avionics such as mission computers, navigation and telemetry systems for use in future launch vehicles.

This is also the first time the PSLV is flying without the six strap-AMM and is only about 540 kg. The 44-metre tall four-stage PSLV will put AGILE into orbit at 550 km above the Earth.

The satellite will be used to investigate gamma ray bursts, pulsars and supernova remnants.

The PSLV had earlier launched six small foreign satellites into 550-800 -km-high polar sun synchronous orbits (SSOs) from abroad for a nominal fee.

“This is the breakthrough product that cell phone and GPS users around the world have been longing for — a single device that does it all,” said Cliff Pemble, the company’s president and chief operating officer.

“We believe the Nuvifone will change the way people view converged devices in the future.”

Garmin, which is based in the Cayman Islands and has operational headquarters in suburban Kansas City, has long been a leader in the market for global positioning satellite technology.

New data from Telematics Research Group indicates that navigation-equipped phones will outsell navigational devices by next year.

Garmin is entering a market crowded with experienced players like Samsung, Motorola, Apple and Nokia — which is in the process of acquiring the company that provides Garmin’s digital maps, NavTeq.

Garmin and its chief rival, Netherlands-based TomTom, have been rumored for months to be working on cell phones. Mio Technology, another GPS company, said this week it was developing its own phone with chipmaker Qualcomm.

The Nuvifone, whose price has not been announced, will have a camera, wireless Internet surfing platform, MP3 player and 3.5-inch touch-screen display and give voice-prompted, turn-by-turn directions.

The “Beidou” or “Big Dipper” satellite was launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in southwest China’s Sichuan province at 4:11 am (2011 GMT on Friday), and accurately entered its planned orbit, Xinhua news agency said.

The satellite was the fifth such vehicle put into space as part of China’s indigenous global satellite positioning system, the report said.

The system would provide “navigation and positioning services in transportation, meteorology, petroleum prospecting, forest fire monitoring, disaster forecast, telecommunications and public security among others,” it said.

It was expected to be operational for clients in China and Asia by 2008 and according to current plans would be expanded into a worldwide global positioning system in the future, it said.

The complete “Compass” navigation system would include a total of five geostationary earth orbit satellites and 30 medium earth orbit satellites, previous reports said.

Xinhua did not say when the entire system was set to be completed.

It was also not clear how the Chinese system would rival the US global positioning satellite system or the European Union’s Galileo satellite navigational system which is expected to be built with Chinese participation.

Saturday’s launch was the 97th successful flight of China’s Long March series carrier rocket, the work horse of the nation’s space programme and a key component of its ballistic missile arsenal.